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- Temporal
Relationships
of Carbon
Cycling and
Ocean
Circulation at
Glacial
Boundaries: Science, Vol.
307, No. 5717.
(25 March
2005), pp.
1933-1938.Evid
ence from
high-sedimenta
tion-rate
South Atlantic
deep-sea cores
indicates that
global and
Southern Ocean
carbon budget
shifts
preceded
thermohaline
circulation
changes during
the last ice
age initiation
and
termination
and that these
were preceded
by ice-sheet
growth and
retreat,
respectively.
No consistent
lead-lag
relationships
are observed
during abrupt
millennial
warming events
during the
last ice age,
allowing for
the
possibility
that ocean
circulation
triggered some
millenial
climate
changes. At
the major
glacial-interg
lacial
transitions,
the global
carbon budget
and
thermohaline
ocean
circulation
responded
sequentially
to the climate
changes that
forced the
growth and
decline of
continental
ice sheets.
10.1126/scienc
e.1104883
Source: Science, Vol. 307, No. 5717. (25 March 2005), pp. 1933-1938. - Effect of
climate and
CO2 changes on
the greening
of the
Northern
Hemisphere
over the past
two decades: Geophysical
Research
Letters, Vol.
33 (9 December
2006), L23402.
Source: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33 (9 December 2006), L23402. - An increasing
CO2 sink in
the Arctic
Ocean due to
sea-ice loss: Geophysical
Research
Letters, Vol.
33 (9 December
2006), L23609.
Source: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33 (9 December 2006), L23609. - On the
stability of
the Earth's
radiative
energy
balance:
Response to
the Mt.
Pinatubo
eruption: Geophysical
Research
Letters, Vol.
33 (15
December
2006), L23814.
Source: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 33 (15 December 2006), L23814. - Inter-annual
variability in
the
interhemispher
ic atmospheric
CO2 gradient:
contributions
from transport
and the
seasonal
rectifier: Tellus B, Vol.
55, No. 2.
(2003), pp.
711-722.abstra
ct The
observed
interhemispher
ic gradient in
atmospheric
carbon dioxide
(CO2)
indicates the
distribution
of CO2 sources
and sinks, and
for recent
decades is
evidence of a
Northern
mid-latitudes
sink, a
tropical
source and
southern
hemisphere
sink. As such,
the
variability in
the gradient
also reflects
how these
fluxes vary
with time.
However, the
variability in
the gradient
is sensitive
to the network
of stations
used to
calculate the
gradient.
Also, an
important
consideration
when dealing
with
variability in
atmospheric
measurements
is the
contribution
due to the
variability in
the
atmospheric
transport.
Most previous
studies have
ignored
transport
variability.
Using an
atmospheric
tracer
transport
model driven
with analysed
circulation
products, we
demonstrate
here that the
interannual
variability in
the
interhemispher
ic gradient
due to
transport
alone is
significant
when compared
with the
observations.
Model
experiments
show that
interannually
varying
transport
combined with
both
cyclostationar
y terrestrial
biosphere
fluxes and
time-constant
fossil CO2
fluxes
generates
significant
interannual
variability,
but that the
component due
to the
interannually
varying
transport and
the ocean CO2
fluxes is
small. The key
contributor to
the transport
generated
interannual
variability is
due to the
variability in
the seasonal
rectifier (the
covariance
between the
seasonality in
the
terrestrial
biosphere
fluxes and
atmospheric
transport,
which results
in non-zero
surface CO2
concentrations
despite the
fluxes
balancing at
each
gridpoint).
This study
shows that the
rectifier
variability is
complex, with
different
regions
displaying
different
modes of
variability.
We also
investigate
the role of
the Pearman
Pump (gradient
due to the
seasonal
covariance in
the fluxes and
cross-hemisphe
ric transport)
and show that
while it
appears to be
a process
occurring in
the
atmosphere, it
is of
second-order
importance in
forcing the
interhemispher
ic gradient.
Source: Tellus B, Vol. 55, No. 2. (2003), pp. 711-722.
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